These changes tend to be details in most cases, corrections, and additions, although a few are more substantive

Process latest ISO XML file with revised XSL

ISO file was downloaded 10/30/2021 and has version identifier ="72".
Note that the sequence of names has changed in several cases: this does not make a semantic difference to the result.
The XSL is updated as per other issues for this RTF, for example to reflect the processing of names.

The domain of hasTag is constrained to be an Identifier. So if it is used to provide a text symbol or code string associated with a code, the code is inferred to be an identifier, which is not always the case. The domain declaration should be eliminated.

Loosen the domain of hasTag and the constraint on Identifier for how many things an identifier can identify

This resolution affects Section 8.2, Languages, in the specification as well as the machine-readable files for the Language Representation ontology.

The metadata in the header of the country representation ontology should be revised to correspond to the revisions in other ontologies.

Update the metadata in the country representation ontology

Update the revise the metadata, including copyrights and owl:versionIRI in the country representation ontology to align with the rest of the LCC 1.2 release

The current about files refer explicitly to version 1.1 and should be revised accordingly for the 1.2 version. These changes are in metadata only, not substantive.

Revise the metadata for languages and for the specification as a whole in about files

This resolution makes changes to informative ontologies only, and has minimal on the specification document. The metadata files are updated to reflect LCC 1.2 rather than 1.1, with minor adjustments to elements such as copyrights and so forth. No substantive changes are addressed in this issue.

1. Revise Table 7.2: Prefix and Namespaces for Languages, Countries and Codes (LCC) to replace the prefix and URI for the 1.1 versions of the about files to be
lcc-spc-1.2 https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/1.2/AboutLCC-1.2/
lcc-spc-1.2-reg https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/1.2/AboutLCC-1.2-Regions/

2. Revise Table 8.1: Languages Module Metadata to replace the owl:versionIRI for the AboutLanguages file with https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/20211101/Languages/AboutLanguages/

3. Revise Table 9.1: Countries Module Metadata to replace the owl:versionIRI for the AboutCountries file with https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/20211101/Countries/AboutCountries/

The changes are dated 25Nov2021 and summarized as follows:
CN
Change of spelling of CN-NX; Update List Source

ET
Addition of regional state ET-SI; Update List Source

FR
Addition of category European collectivity in eng & fra; Addition of European collectivity FR-6AE; Addition of metropolitan collectivity with special status FR-69M; Change of category name from metropolitan department to metropolitan collectivity with special status for FR-75; Change of subdivision code from FR-75 to FR-75C; Addition of category overseas departemental collectivity in eng & fra; Change of category name from overseas department to overseas departemental collectivity for FR-971, FR-974, FR-976; Addition of category overseas unique territorial collectivity in eng & fra; Change of category name from overseas department to overseas unique territorial collectivity for FR-972, FR-973; Deletion of category name overseas department; Deletion of overseas region FR-GF, FR-GP, FR-MQ, FR-RE, FR-YT; Deletion of category name overseas region; Change of parent subdivision of FR-67, FR-68; Deletion of parent subdivion of FR-971, FR-972, FR-973, FR-974, FR-976; Modification of Remark part 2; Update List Source and Code Source

GB
Addition of subdivision categories country and province in eng & fra; Modification of remark part 2; Addition of country GB-ENG, GB-WLS, GB-SCT; Addition of province GB-NIR; Addition of parent subdivisions

GT
Change of subdivision code from GT-AV to GT-16, GT-BV to GT-15, GT-CM to GT-04, GT-CQ to GT-20, GT-ES to GT-05, GT-GU to GT-01, GT-HU to GT-13, GT-IZ to GT-18, GT-JA to GT-21, GT-JU to GT-22, GT-PE to GT-17, GT-PR to GT-02, GT-QC to GT-14, GT-QZ to GT-09, GT-RE to GT-11, GT-SA to GT-03, GT-SM to GT-12, GT-SO to GT-07, GT-SR to GT-06, GT-SU to GT-10, GT-TO to GT-08, GT-ZA to GT-19; Update Code Source

HU
Change of name of HU-CS; Update List Source

IS
Deletion of municipality IS-BFJ, IS-DJU, IS-FLD, IS-SEY; Addition of municipality IS-MUL; Update List Source

KH
Change of spelling of KH-1

LT
Change of spelling of LT-05, LT-14, LT-39; Assign parent subdivision to LT-01 through LT-60; Update List Source

LV
Deletion of republican city LV-JKB, LV-VMR; Deletion of municipality LV-001, LV-003, LV-004, LV-005, LV-006, LV-008, LV-009, LV-010, LV-012, LV-013, LV-014, LV-017, LV-018, LV-019, LV-020, LV-021, LV-023, LV-024, LV-025, LV-027, LV-028, LV-029, LV-030, LV-031, LV-032, LV-034, LV-035, LV-036, LV-037, LV-038, LV-039, LV-040, LV-043, LV-044, LV-045, LV-046, LV-048, LV-049, LV-051, LV-053, LV-055, LV-057, LV-060, LV-061, LV-063, LV-064, LV-065, LV-066, LV-069, LV-070, LV-071, LV-072, LV-074, LV-075, LV-076, LV-078, LV-079, LV-081, LV-082, LV-083, LV-084, LV-085, LV-086, LV-090, LV-092, LV-093, LV-095, LV-096, LV-098, LV-100, LV-103, LV-104, LV-105, LV-107, LV-108, LV-109, LV-110; Change of category name from republican city to state city for LV-DGV, LV-JEL, LV-JUR, LV-LPX, LV-REZ, LV-RIX, LV-VEN; Addition of municipality LV-111, LV-112, LV-113; Update List Source

NP
Change of spelling of NP-P5; Modification of remark part 2; Update List Source

PA
Addition of indigenous region PA-NT; Update List Source

RU
Correction of language from ‘urd’ to ‘rus’ for RU-PSK, RU-ROS, RU-PRI

SI
Addition of remark part 2

SS
Typographical correction of SS-BW (deletion of the extra space between el and Ghazal)

Regenerate Regions files for the changed regions

Applied the XSL to the complete ISO download and confirmed the regions changed were the ones expected.

There are minor differences in naming for various natural languages that should be updated, and the LoC has now published linked data codes for the ISO 639-1 languages that can be added to augment what we currently have for consistency. These changes mainly impact the language codes ontology for ISO 639-1 with minimal impact on the specification document itself.

Include Library of Congress links in the ISO 639-1 language codes

The correction for this issue is to add owl:sameAs axioms to each of the language individuals to point to the relevant links on the Library of Congress web site, and modify references to the language names expressed in English, French and/or German to match what the LoC publishes in a handful of cases where there were differences.

This resolution reflects a change to the machine readable file for the ISO 639-1 Language Codes. It also requires a change to the specification, in Section 8.4 Ontology: ISO 639-1 Language Codes.

These two individuals defined in the country codes ontology are missing axioms for the denotes property

L001 and L002 are missing axioms

This error, detected through the use of an OWL RL rule engine, is due to lack of proper recognition of owl:sameAs axioms and is therefore a red herring. The issue should be closed with no change as a consequence.

<https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/ISO3166-1-CountryCodes/SeselwaCreoleFrench>, which is defined in the country codes ontology, is missing a value for the french language name

Add axiom for French name in the XSL

<lcc-lr:hasFrenchName xml:lang="fr">créole seselwa</lcc-lr:hasFrenchName>

<https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Languages/ISO639-2-LanguageCodes/chi> is missing an identifies Chinese axiom in the ontology

The Alpha-3 code for Chinese is missing an axiom

The correction for this issue is to add a single axiom to the individual for the code 'chi' stating that it identifies the Chinese language.

This resolution reflects a change to the machine readable file for the ISO 639-2 Language Codes. It also requires a change to the specification, in Section 8.5 Ontology: ISO 639-2 Language Codes, as given below.

The names and, unfortunately, its URI, need to be updated.
The old element should be marked as deprecated.

Reflect name changes and the URI change for MK

The name changes are handled by the XSL applied to the latest ISO XML file.
The URI change is additionally addressed as follows:
1) retain the deprecated individual
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="&lcc-3166-1;Macedonia">
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="&lcc-3166-1;NorthMacedonia"/>
<owl:deprecated rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean">true</owl:deprecated>
<rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="&lcc-3166-1;"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>

2) use the new URI in the UN-M49-RegionCodes file:
<rdf:Description rdf:about="&lcc-3166-1;NorthMacedonia">
<lcc-cr:isSubregionOf rdf:resource="&lcc-m49;SouthernEurope"/>
</rdf:Description>

3) use the URI in the CountryCodes-Adjunct mapping file:
<lcc-cr:Country rdf:about="&lcc-3166-1-adj;MK">
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="https://www.omg.org/spec/LCC/Countries/ISO3166-1-CountryCodes/NorthMacedonia"/>
</lcc-cr:Country>

The language code, defined in the country codes ontology, is missing an isMemberOf <code set> axiom

Add the code set and axiom as proposed

This is added in the XSL for country code processing.

At the moment they default to the English name if that's present

Create a label for each admin language; use codes not names for subdivision URIs

The current algorithm is at the mercy of the sequence of names in the XML, which as we've seen can vary between releases of the ISO XML file.
This also affects the URI for the subdivisions, which currently uses the same name.
The resolution then is to update the algorithm used for the subdivisions as follows:

• for URI, use the official code followed by "-Subdivision". For example:
  &lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-EC-Subdivision"
• For backward compatibility use the previous algorithm to create a sameAs triple:
  <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="&lcc-3166-2-za;Oos-Kaap">
  <owl:sameAs rdf:resource="&lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-EC-Subdivision"/>
  </owl:NamedIndividual>

For regionkinds the ISO XML has only a numeric id attribute, so that is used used with the country code and suffix -RegionKind.
For example:
rdf:about="&lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-428-RegionKind"
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="&lcc-3166-2-za;Provinsie">
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="&lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-428-RegionKind"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>

Likewise territories only have a numeric id attribute so that is used in the URI with the coutnry code, suffixed -Territory. For example:
&lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-1120-Territory"
<owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="&lcc-3166-2-za;MarionIsland">
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="&lcc-3166-2-za;ZA-1120-Territory"/>
</owl:NamedIndividual>

• For names create a rdfs:label for each name with a language code which is an administrative language. For example South Africa has:
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Afrikaans"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;English"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;SouthNdebele"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-2;Pedi"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;SouthernSotho"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Swati"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Tswana"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Tsonga"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Venda"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Xhosa"/>
  <lcc-cr:usesAdministrativeLanguage rdf:resource="&lcc-639-1;Zulu"/>

For countries generate rdfs:label applied to the short-name.
Using South Africa this gives:
<rdfs:label xml:lang="af">Suid-Afrika</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">South Africa</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="nr">Sewula Afrika</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="st">Afrika-Borwa</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="ss">Ningizimu Afrika</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="tn">Afrika-Borwa</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="ts">Afrika-Dzonga</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="ve">Afrika Tshipembe</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="xh">Mzantsi Afrika</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="zu">Ningizimu Afrika</rdfs:label>

And for the subdivision ZA-EC
<rdfs:label xml:lang="af">Oos-Kaap</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Eastern Cape</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="nr">iPumalanga-Kapa</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="st">Kapa Botjhabela</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="tn">Kapa Botlhaba</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="ts">Kapa-Vuxa</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="ve">Kapa Vhubvaḓuvha</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="xh">Mpuma-Koloni</rdfs:label>
<rdfs:label xml:lang="zu">Mpumalanga-Kapa</rdfs:label>
(these are in addition to the hasLocalShortName triples)

The name(s) used in the skos:definition arbitrarily use the first name. For example for region kind and subdivision name.
<skos:definition>the provinsie of Oos-Kaap in the country of South Africa</skos:definition>

This resolution also removes the redundant "individual representing" from the skos:definition text.

with the name-based URI as an alternative using sameAs.
The name-based URIs are unstable (we have had several countries changing name but not ISO code) and the algorithm (e.g. for replacing spaces and punctuation) makes them unpredictable. Most external datasets use the code not the name, requiring an expensive lookup to create a link using the name-based URI.

Defer to next major version

Despite the fact that use of sameAs should reduce the impact of churn based on the ISO names for countries, this is considered too large a change to make at this minor version 1.2 release/revision.

It is also controversial with many users, including some FIBO users, that believe the country-based URI is more appropriate for a semantic standard that is used by business analysts.

The Shikomor language, defined in the country codes ontology, is missing an axiom for its French name

Update entry in the XSL to add the french name

<lcc-lr:hasFrenchName xml:lang="fr">comorien</lcc-lr:hasFrenchName>