SYSML14 — SysML ISO-80000-1 libraries need update per 18269, 18435 and 18681

The ISO-80000-1 libraries need to be updated according to the resolutions of issues 18269, 18435 and 18681 in SysML 1.4 ballots 4 and 5.

Prior to resolving 18269, there was a duplication of Unit and QuantityKind in SysML
1.3 that had a corresponding duplication of non-normative libraries for a subset of
ISO 80000-1:
http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/20120401/ISO-80000-1-QUDV.xmi
http://www.omg.org/spec/SysML/20120401/ISO-80000-1-SysML.xmi
As explained in the discussion of 18269, the duplication of Unit and QuantityKind
makes completing these libraries expensive due to the combinations implied in ISO-
80000-1: Within the International System of Units alone, there are 20 decimal
prefixes and 8 binary prefixes that can each apply to a Unit. ISO 80000 has 14 parts;
part 1 defines 45 units (7 base units, 18 in Table 2, 4 in Table 3, 10 in Table 5 and 6
in Table 6). Thus, a complete library of all legitimate pairs of Unit/QuantityKind in
scope of ISO-80000-1 involves 45 * 28 = 1,260 pairs of prefixed units and quantity
kinds.
Following the resolution of 18269, the two ISO 80000-1 libraries from SysML 1.3 are
merged into a single ISO 80000 library based on the non-normative QUDV model;
that is, definitions of ISO 80000 units and quantity kinds are modeled as M1-level
InstanceSpecifications classified by a kind of QUDV::Unit and QUDV::QuantityKind
respectively.
The name of the library is changed from ISO 80000-1 to just ISO 80000 to reflect the
fact that the tables from which the SysML 1.2 and 1.3 ISO 80000-1 libraries came
from are in fact summaries of units and quantities defined across several ISO 80000
parts. For example, Table 1 in ISO 80000-1 shows the 7 base units and base
quantities of the SI and ISQ respectively. These units and quantities come from ISO
80000 parts 3,4,5,6,7 and 9. Annex D.4 previously showed diagrams for the ISO-80000-1-SysML library. D.4 is
updated to show the library of units, prefixes and quantities referenced in ISO-80000-
1 Tables 1 through 5 and from parts of Table 2 from the SI Brochure, which is not
included in ISO 80000-1, but the contents of which was included in previous versions
of SysML. Altogether, previous versions of SysML included definitions of units and
quantities traceable to a small subset of ISO 80000 parts: 3,4,5,6,7,9 and 10. For
SysML 1.4, the coverage is expanded to include all of the normative definitions of
parts 3,4,5,6. The coverage of parts 7,9,10 remains the same. This resolution also
includes the definition of units for bit, byte and octet and related quantities and binary
prefixes from ISO 80000-13.
This resolution addresses a problem reported by Hans-Peter de Koning about the
typing of Linear and AffineConversionUnit factors and offset which were previously
typed by Rational but should be typed by Number. This problem affects the precise
definition of the degree as a unit of plane angle, which is not representable as a
Rational (1 degree = Pi/180 radian).
This resolution depends on the resolution of 18692 and 18724 in ballot 6; however,
this resolution adds a capability for distinguishing derived units whose factors are
reduced (e.g., joule) or not (e.g., kelvin joule per kelvin). Mathematically, a nonreduced
derived unit is equivalent to a reduced derived unit (e.g., joule = kelvin joule
per kelvin). This is used rarely (there are 152 derived units in total; 140 are reduced;
only 12 are non-reduced). For the few cases where it’s been used, the justification
stems from two general principles:

• Ensure that all the QUDV-based derived units and quantities are
  mathematically derived in the same way as the derivations shown in their
  corresponding ISO 80000 definitions.
• Ensure that the dependencies among the QUDV-based models of ISO 80000
  parts reflect the normative dependencies from the corresponding ISO 80000
  documents.
  The only exception to the dependency principle stems from the dual definition of a
  unit, watt per square metre, in two ISO 80000 parts (5 and 6) that have no normative
  dependency to one another (parts 5 and 6 normatively depend on ISO 80000 parts 3
  and 4). The QUDV-based model has part 6 depend on part 5.
  In SysML 1.3, Figure D.7 showed the definition of a unit named ‘catalytic activity’ for
  a quantity kind named ‘katal’. Even though this appears in ISO 80000-1, Table 3,
  there is no indexed definition of this unit or quantity kind in any ISO 80000 part. Since
  all the units and quantity kind definitions in SysML 1.4 have an indexed definition in
  some part of ISO 80000, SysML 1.4 does not include ‘catalytic activity’ nor ‘katal’.
  Note about the tables of units and quantity kinds (Figure tables D8 and D11 through
  D23): The complete details pertaining to the QUDV-based definition of each unit and each
  quantity kind are available in the machine-readable file for the ISO 80000 library. The
  symbols for these units and quantity kinds have been reproduced in Presentation
  MathML on a best-effort basis according to the ISO 80000 documents.