UML22 — Use 'represent' for the relationship of a model

"An instance specification is a model element that represents an instance in a modeled system." [7.7.1] That is, the relationship of the instanceSpecification with a class to an object of that class is the representation relationship.

At the same time, a lifeline represents a connectable element. [14.2]

This is an example of a recurrent problem in the specification: model elements that represent other model elements.

At the same time, "attributes of a class are represented by instances of Propert[ies]..."

This is an example of an occassional and quite striking problem in the specification: items in the modeled system that represent model elements.

The theory of representation needs to be settled. That done, the specification needs to be reviewed with this in mind and all improper uses of representation corrected.

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